The Ginkgo and Grape Seed Extract (GSE) found in this formula partner as powerful antioxidants. Ginkgo improves general circulatory function in part by reducing platelet "stickiness" and reducing blood thickness. A healthier circulation means more effective oxygenation of the tissues. Ginkgo also has a special benefit for the brain and nervous system by improving blood flow and is one of the most widely used herbal formulas for brain function. GSE is a potent antioxidant that reduces the toxic effects of oxidative stress.